The aim of this study is to estimate the known statistical characteristics of nominal price stickiness in the Iranian economy during the years 1390 to 1399 and at different commodity levels of Microdata of consumer price index (including product category, Coicop commodity group, and the whole economy) and thus the stickiness between categories and product groups are also compared. For this purpose, 421 categories have been selected as a sample from the database of the Consumer Price Index Statistics Plan of the Statistics Center of Iran. This sample is about 93% of the number of consumer basket items in the base year 95 and 67% of consumer expenditures in the base year 90 covers. In this study, the nominal price stickiness index is estimated via the duration and frequency approaches. According to the results, this index is estimated at 29% based on frequency approaches in the whole economy and about 2. 99 months based on the Duration approaches, which is less than in developed countries. Also, the comparison of indicators at the level of items and Coicop groups shows the existence of heterogeneity in the stickiness of nominal prices. The group of food and beverages and group of housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels have the lowest, and the group of communication and education have the highest price stickiness.

Privacy issues during data publishing is an increasing concern of involved entities. The problem is addressed in the field of statistical disclosure control with the aim of producing protected datasets that are also useful for interested end users such as government agencies and research communities. The problem of producing useful protected datasets is addressed in multiple computational privacy models such as k-anonymity in which data is clustered into groups of at least k members. Microaggregation is a mechanism to realize k-anonymity. The objective is to assign records of a dataset to clusters and replace the original values with their associated cluster centers which are the average of assigned values to minimize information loss in terms of the sum of within group squared errors (SSE). While the problem is shown to be NP-hard in general, there is an optimal polynomial-time algorithm for univariate datasets. This paper shows that the assignment of the univariate microaggregation algorithm cannot produce optimal partitions for integer observations where the computed centroids have to be integer values. In other words, the integrality constraint on published quantities has to be addressed within the algorithm steps and the optimal partition cannot be attained using only the results of the general solution. Then, an effective method that considers the constraint is proposed and analyzed which can handle very large numerical volumes. Experimental evaluations confirm that the developed algorithm not only produces more useful datasets but also is more efficient in comparison with the general optimal univariate algorithm.

Application of sunscreens is one of the most important ways for skin Protection against sunburn, early skin aging and skin cancer.Due to variety of sunscreen products, it is necessary to assure their Protection ability against the suns damages. Performance assessment of sunscreens against UVB expressed by sun Protection factor. Due to great cost of determination methods of this factor in foreign countries, developing a comprehensive protocol for in vivo SPF determination in Iran would have distinct benefits.In this study four international standards have been reviewed and compared for Sun Protection Factor (SPF) determination including ISO24444, FDA2011, AS/NZS 2604: 2012 and CEN 2006. The general process of in vivo SPF determination is similar in these protocols but there are some obvious differences in details that leading to advantages and disadvantages for each of them.In this study a complete document were collected, then regarding to available facilities and with cooperation of Iran food and drug organization a comprehensive in vivo SPF determination protocol will be developed.

One of the issues that statistical organizations face in disseminating micro data is confidentiality, which has made the data not easily available to the public. One way to solve this problem is Synthetic simulation. In this article we proposed a simulated method, which is called synthetic, generates data with high similarity to the original population while maintaining confidentiality. Thus, estimated parameters are more accurate. The labor force survey (LFS) is one of the important surveys of statistical center of Iran, which provides valuable information about Iran’ s LFS situation, specially unemployment rate. In this article, an attempt is made to investigate the application of the synthetic method for simulation target population, using results of the Iran’ s LFS, summer 2018, for whole 31 country provinces. Moreover, due to compare the accuracy of Horowitz-Thompson estimates from the simulated population and real population, we have used the asymptotic relative efficiency estimate, which shows that estimation from the synthetic population is more efficient than the estimation obtained from sample of original population. This paper also shows that the proposed method can be used to estimate the parameters of small areas and where the sample size is not sufficient.

Sensitivity in cultural, political, economical and social Inequality led to effort in measuring precision. So, different types of inequality indices are developed and the quality improvement is considered. Due to ever increasing Computer memory capacity and data processing speed, Electronic Cards and transactions, evolution of information and Microdata phenomenon is emerging. Thus, the main purpose of this study has been to apply Microdata Distribution Expenditure (Income), in order to estimate with more precision the Economic Inequality in Iran and to use the opportunity for testing consistency among the different inequality indices in the distribution of income. The results indicate that the average urbanGini coefficient has significantly increased during (2000-2001) in compare with (1996-1999), while there has been no difference in the rural areas. According to the results, one may cautiously state that the beginning of the third 5-years developing plan has started with increase in economic inequality. The down-up inequality trend in urban areas and the up-down trend of inequality in rural areas during 1996 to 1999 indicate the lack of any definite and effective policy concerning the income distribution in Iran.  

The equality implications of tariff design for household gas and electricity, two essential substitutes, present a significant concern for policymakers. In this study, we examine this issue using a sample of household income quartiles across various social groups, exploring the diverse effects of changes in electricity and gas prices. The findings reveal that an increase in gas prices exerts a more pronounced impact on low-income groups compared to an equivalent increase in electricity prices. Our partial analysis indicates that gas exhibits less elasticity, likely attributed to the absence of a suitable substitute in the event of a price increase for this commodity. This observation underscores the lack of energy diversity that is rooted in the critical role of gas appliances in cooking and heating. This phenomenon poses a potential threat to the energy security of Iranian households.

Background: Dramatic changes in the demographic behaviors of Iranian women have led to declining fertility after the mid1980s. Childlessness is an important and growing issue and has increasingly become the focus of the problem by Iranian population policymakers. Methods: The present study was conducted using the quantitative secondary data analysis method. Using the census Microdata of population and housing in 2016, the researchers attempted to investigate the level and predictors of childlessness among married women aged 40–, 49. The data of 85799 married women aged 40–, 49 was analyzed. Results: About 4% of the sample were childless. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the probability of childlessness for married women with university degrees, immigrant women, and employed women is higher than their counterparts. Furthermore, the findings suggested that women who live in apartments and those who live in private houses are less likely childless than their counterparts. Bigger houses lower the probability of being childless. Conclusion: Government planning and policymaking to reducethe proportion of childlessness should improve household circumstances, especially their housing.

Price stickiness, measured by indicators like frequency and duration of price changes, determines the short-term real effects of monetary policy in the economy. Discovering the factors affecting price adjustment allows the monetary policymaker to predict the changes in pricing behavior by monitoring the changes of these influential factors. Employing Microdata of 84 million monthly price observations from the Refah chain stores in Iran shows that on average, goods’ prices did not last more than 2. 52 months and the price of at least 47. 34 percent of examined goods changed every month, meaning that the price stickiness is pretty weak in Iran’ s economy and there is a little room for the monetary authority to influence the real economy. Moreover, as regards the factors affecting the price-setting behaviors, the results show that the frequency of price changes has a positive threshold correlation with the inflation rate; As the inflation crosses 18%, the intensity of this positive effect decreases. It is important to note that inflation is not the only factor explaining the pricing behavior, but the growth rate of liquidity, GDP and exchange rate also have significant positive effects on the frequency and magnitude of price changes.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to study the Search Engine’s responses to authority data properties embedded into schema.org-based metadata on the Microdata syntax.Methods: The experimental method was used in this research. The research population comprised 400 records of authority metadata based on the Microdata method from the digital library of Allameh Tabataba'i University. The examination group consisted of 200 metadata records, 100 records with authority data extensions embedded into schema.org-based metadata in the Microdata syntax and 100 other similar records in the JSON-LD syntax (50 samples of name authority, and 50 other subject authority) And the control group consisted of 200 Records, including 100 Records related to the description of the book in the Microdata syntax and 100 other similar records in the JSON-LD syntax. The records have been published on the independent website at www.Aghadeh.ir and have been introduced to the Google, Bing, Yahoo, and Yandex search engines as designers of the schema.org standard. Then, through searching the search engines, using the data gathering tool, the checklist provided by the researchers, the indexing and retrieval of the metadata records of the control groups and experimental groups were evaluated in the search results of the selected search engines.Results: The results of this study showed that search engines were able to index and retrieve all of the metadata records and values of added extensions associated with authority data. Such a possibility had the same status for the name authority records and the subject authority data.Conclusions: By retrieving each of the variant properties’ values of examination group’s records, in addition to the authorized values of the name and subject terms, a suitable platform for the comprehensiveness of the retrieve process, and the authority control in the Web search tools will be improved.